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Wave optics

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                                                                                                                          By~Tarachand Tak  In 1637 Descartes gave the corpuscular model of light and derived Snell’s law. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction of light at an interface.  The corpuscular model predicted that if the ray of light (on refraction) bends towards the normal then the speed of light would be greater in the second medium. This corpuscular model of light was further developed by Isaac Newton in his famous book entitled OPTICKS. In 1678, the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens put forward the wave theory of light – it is this wave model of light, wa...

The interview

 Since its invention a little over 130 years ago, the interview has become a commonplace of journalism. Today, almost everybody who is literate will have read an interview at some point in their lives, while from the other point of view, several thousand celebrities have been interviewed over the years, some of them repeatedly. So it is hardly surprising that opinions of the interview — of its functions, methods and merits — vary considerably. Some might make quite extravagant claims for it as being, in its highest form, a source of truth, and, in its practice, an art. Others, usually celebrities who see themselves as its victims, might despise the interview as an unwarranted intrusion into their lives, or feel that it somehow diminishes them, just as in some primitive cultures it is believed that if one takes a photographic portrait of somebody then one is stealing that person’s soul. V. S. Naipaul ‘feels that some people are wounded by interviews and lose a part of themselves,’ ...

Going Places Summary in English

  Going Places Summary in English The story begins by telling the reader about a teenage girl, Sophie. Being a normal teenager, she has also got many fantasies and dreams. Sophie belongs to a lower-middle-class family that struggles with finances. However, she dreams to own a boutique one day. Further, she also dreams of becoming an actress of a fashion designer. Similarly, Jansie, her friend, is more practical and level-headed. She knows that they do not have a strong financial background, thus they have to work in a biscuit factory. Jansie does not have any unachievable fantasies. She tries her best to help Sophie stay in touch with reality, but all that goes in vain as Sophie does not listen. Sophie has got two brothers and lives with her parents in a small house. She does not shy away from expressing her desires and fantasies. However, her parents do not pay much heed to it as they are far more mature than her. They are already facing the harsh realities of life, thus, they do ...

The Last Lesson Summary in English

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                                                                                                                 Made BY ~ Tarachand Tak   The narration of this story is by a French boy, Franz. Franz is a lazy boy. However, in spite of his laziness, Franz likes to play and is of a sensitive nature. Furthermore, Franz hates his teacher M. Hamel in his school and has no interest in studying French. An order has come from Berlin after taking over the districts of Alsace and Lorraine in France that the German language rather than the French should be taught in the schools there. Furthermore, it is the school French teacher M. Hamel’s last day.  This teacher has been working there for forty years. More...

Journey to the end of the Earth (By- Tishani Doshi)

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                                                                                                                      Made BY~❤Tarachand Tak ❤ EARLY this year, I found myself aboard a Russian research vessel — the Akademik Shokalskiy — heading towards the coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world: Antarctica. My journey began 13.09 degrees north of the Equator in Madras , and involved crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and at least as many ecospheres.     By the time I actually set foot on the Antarctic continent I had been travelling over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship ; so, my first emotion on facing Antarctic...

Kirchhoff's circuit laws

  Kirchhoff's Laws quantify how current flows through a circuit and how voltage varies around a loop in a circuit. Kirchhoff's current law  (1st Law) states that the current flowing into a node (or a junction) must be equal to the current flowing out of it. This is a consequence of charge conservation. Kirchhoff's voltage law  (2nd Law) states that in any complete loop within a circuit, the sum of all voltages across components which supply electrical energy (such as cells or generators) must equal the sum of all voltages across the other components in the same loop. This law is a consequence of both charge conservation and the conservation of energy.